Neighborhood

Hardscrabble

Ohio US

AI Summary•Updated May 2026

Area

12.12 mi²

ZIP Code

44481

County

Trumbull County

State

Ohio

Redfin — median sale & volumeFEMA National Risk Index v1.20OpenStreetMap — POIFBI UCR — state crimeEPA — radon zonesWashU ACAG — satellite PM2.5EPA FRS / BTS — hazard screeningUS Census ACS / TIGER 2024

Verified Price · Median Sale

$192,443

YoY-1.5%

Gross Rental Yield

—

Listed rent · ZORI annualized

Red Flag Index

Moderate

58 / 100

Walkability Score

Minimal

OpenStreetMap POI density · national percentile

Education Score

71 / 100

Excellent · better than 71% of U.S. districts

Pre-pandemic SEDA (2018/19) · district proxy

AI Score

Limited

DistrictScore attractiveness · national model

Hardscrabble Property Prices & Rental Yield

Verified Redfin sale data and Zillow ZORI asking rent.

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Market Economics Snapshot

May 2026

Metric	Value	YoY
Median Sale Price	$192,443	-1.5%
Price / Sq Ft (Verified)	$151/sqft	-5.7%
Liquidity Score	15 / 100	Low
Homes Sold (Period)	23	-25.8%

Is Hardscrabble Safe? Natural-Hazard Risk

FEMA National Risk Index composite across eight hazards, plus inherited Ohio crime context.

Red Flag Breakdown

58 / 100

Moderate Risk

Composite is weighted by expected impact — frequent low-damage hazards (hail, wind) weigh less than flood or wildfire.

Strong Wind80Very High

Hail80Very High

Flood60High

Wildfire60High

Hurricane60High

Tornado60High

Earthquake40Moderate

Heat40Moderate

8/8 hazards scored · FEMA NRI v1.20

Crime (state-level): Ohio averaged 18.4 crimes and 2.9 violent per 1,000 residents (-9.5% YoY) in 2024(FBI UCR). Compare the state to the country, not states as a ranking — full Safety & Crime data lives on the state page.

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What Stands Out AI Insight

Strong Wind risk is Very High (80/100)

Hail risk is Very High (80/100)

Insights are generated from Hardscrabble's live DistrictScore metrics.

Hardscrabble Environment & Safety

Satellite PM2.5 air-quality history, FBI UCR crime trend (Ohio-level, the finest official aggregation), EPA radon potential and point-source hazard screening.

Air Quality — PM2.5

2015–2024

5.9 µg/m³ Meets EPA, above WHO guideline-24.8% since 2015

EPA 9WHO 5

20152024

Annual mean fine-particle (PM2.5) concentration at the Hardscrabble centroid, satellite-derived (ACAG). References: WHO guideline 5 µg/m³ · EPA annual standard 9 µg/m³. Latest year ranks worse than 48% of U.S. neighborhoods.

Ohio Crime Trend

FBI UCR

20132024

All crimes / 1k

Violent / 1k

Year	Crimes / 1k	Violent / 1k	YoY
2024	18.4	2.9	-9.5%
2023	20.5	3.0	-2.1%
2022	21.1	3.0	+3.2%
2021	20.4	3.2	-5.1%
2020	21.6	3.1	-8.3%
2019	23.5	3.0	—

Reported at the state level — the finest official US crime aggregation; Hardscrabble inherits the Ohio figures.

Radon Potential

EPA

Zone 2

Zone 2 — Moderate potential · Hardscrabble

EPA radon zones estimate indoor radon potential county-wide (Zone 1 highest, Zone 3 lowest). Testing is recommended in all zones.

Environmental Hazards

EPA / BTS

Industrial odor4 nearbyVery High

Point-source screening near Hardscrabble: EPA Superfund National Priorities List & Facility Registry (2026), BTS aviation noise (2020, 24-hour average level). Superfund shows distance to the nearest listed site; odor shows detected sources within the screening radius. Only detected sources are listed; the bar shows severity vs. all U.S. neighborhoods.

Walkability & Amenities in Hardscrabble

Amenity density and pedestrian access from OpenStreetMap points of interest.

Walkability & Amenities

OpenStreetMap POI

17

Minimal

Walkability Score

6

Grocery

3

Dining

4

Schools

0

Universities

0

Hospitals

0

Pharmacies

4

Parks

0

Rail Transit

0

Coworking

POI counts are amenities within Hardscrabble's boundary plus a 400 m walk buffer. Rail transit excludes bus stops.

Hardscrabble vs City vs Ohio

How Hardscrabble benchmarks against its city and state medians.

Benchmark vs City & State

Across Hardscrabble, the median sale price sits about 10% below the statewide median. Over the past 12 months, prices fell 1.5%. Transaction liquidity sits below the statewide median.

Area	Median / Sq Ft	Gross Yield	Liquidity
Hardscrabble	$151/sqft	—	15
Ohio	$169/sqft	6.2%	28

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Compare Hardscrabble against its city and Ohio medians — free with a DistrictScore account.

Buying Property in the US as a Foreigner

Federal & Ohio tax facts for non-resident buyers, plus the latest local market news.

Buying as a Foreigner

US Tax & Ownership

Applies to everyone7

Capital Gains (Federal)

Long-term capital gains taxed federally at 0/15/20%, plus a 3.8% Net Investment Income Tax on higher incomes (2026).

Property Tax

Property tax: ~1.28% average effective rate (statewide average; set and collected locally).

State Income Tax

State income tax up to 3.5%; rental income is taxed at these rates.

State Capital Gains

Capital gains are taxed as ordinary income at state rates.

Transfer Tax

Real estate transfer tax: $1 per $1,000.

Assessment Cap

No Proposition 13-style assessment cap; property is reassessed at market value.

Mansion Tax / Rent Control

No statewide mansion tax or statewide rent control.

US citizens & tax residents7

Primary-Home Exclusion

Selling your main home: exclude up to $250k of gain (single) / $500k (married) if you owned and lived there 2 of the last 5 years.

1031 Like-Kind Exchange

A 1031 like-kind exchange defers capital gains tax on investment property; 45 days to identify, 180 to close. Real estate only.

Depreciation Recapture

Residential rentals depreciate over 27.5 years; on sale, recaptured depreciation is taxed up to 25% (Section 1250).

Mortgage Interest Deduction

Mortgage interest is deductible on up to $750k of home debt. The SALT cap rose to $40,000 for 2025-2029 (reverts to $10k in 2030).

Opportunity Zones

Opportunity Zones are now permanent (2025): reinvested capital gains get deferral plus a basis step-up, and are tax-free after 10 years.

Rental Income (Resident)

Rental income is reported on Schedule E; passive-loss rules (Section 469) limit deducting rental losses against other income.

1031 State Conformity

The state conforms to the federal 1031 like-kind exchange rules.

Foreign buyers (non-residents)5

FIRPTA (Foreign Sellers)

FIRPTA: the buyer withholds 15% of the gross sale price when a nonresident sells US property. It is an advance deposit, not the final tax.

Non-Resident Capital Gains

Nonresident sellers pay US capital gains tax (generally 15-20%) on the net gain via Form 1040-NR; FIRPTA withholding is credited.

Non-Resident Rental Tax

Nonresident rental income is taxed at 30% of gross by default, or on net income at graduated rates via a Section 871(d) election (W-8ECI).

Estate Tax (Non-Resident)

Nonresidents get only a $60,000 US estate-tax exemption (vs $13.99M for residents); US property above it is taxed up to 40%. Treaties may help.

ITIN Requirement

Nonresidents without an SSN need an ITIN (Form W-7) to file US tax returns, claim FIRPTA refunds, and report rental income.

Talk to a US real-estate tax advisor

FIRPTA, ITIN & Ohio property-tax guidance for foreign buyers

Latest Real-Estate News

New Fed chairman may leave mortgage rates mostly unchanged

Guaranteed Rate • Jun 18, 2026

Household real estate wealth hits record $48.7 trillion

Eye On Housing • Jun 18, 2026

U.S. commercial property prices hit record as deal patterns shift

Altus Group • Jun 18, 2026

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